Public Leadership Correlation of Power and Influence free essay sample

A leader in the private sector will make decisions based on financial gain and cost-analysis; a public sector leaders bligation is exclusive to the public to provide essential services and communications in a more visible way. Furthermore, a leader in the public sector may make decisions that are not financially favorable, but are in the interest of the public. As an example, it can be argued that welfare programs are not a beneficial financial investment, but it is in the public interest to invest in these programs. It is important to note that a definition of public leadership is challenging.One definition of public leadership is an approach to community management or guidance used to integrate and implement the alents and resources that best serve the interests of society. A public sector leader, for instance, acts as an experienced representative of a segment of the public who is passionately and skillfu Ily able to articulate the concerns of the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Leadership: Correlation of Power and Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This delicate dance involves a sense of balance necessary between the realization of objectives and the support of followers in areas that prove to be unclear or conflicting.This type of headship demands organizational effectiveness, and a successful leader must possess the ability to work in partnership with others to coordinate the available assets he or he requires in an effort to achieve the initial fundamental purpose or intention. According to Sir Richard Leese, a member of the Manchester, UK City Council, leadership involves making an idea obtainable; therefore, a leader must communicate a vision to seta course for action.Moreover, the equal part of this concept is to have sufficient foresight that will inspire and motivate others enough to bring the vision to fruition through shared contribution (Smith, 2012). Public leadership also involves cultural awareness Of an organization for the development Of practical direction. Additionally, ublic sector leadership entails groups of individuals from subordinates to governmental agencies. Fundamentally, public service is a contract between legislators and the community dictated by an official governmental body to administer its subject matter, capacity, and relationship of work (Rusaw, 2001).Characteristics of public leadership vary, and mostly, the definition of public leadership resides in the dependability of its work. Nevertheless, an effective public leader will use individual appeal, its relationships between people, and professional competence in the decision-making process. Performance standards dictated by the organizations mission and goals also help the public leader realize his or her goals. Those who follow public leaders also influence the success of public leadership through their perception of the implementation of leadership duties.The Four Themes There are four themes of public leadership that correlate to help examine and recognize pu blic leadership implementation: 1 . The principle of public leadership is an elemental method of representational authority (Rusaw, 2001). 2. Involvement and agreement are rudimentary ingredients to public eadership (Rusaw, 2001). 3. Public leadership is supports the notion of definitive natural, economic, political, or military asset accountability to the people. 4.The values of administrative effectiveness and efficiency are essential in public leadership (Rusaw, 2001). A familiar failing of both public and private entities is characteristically too much bureaucracy, creating less efficiency and mandatory adherence to obligatory rules and restrictions (Woudoun, 2013). From a competitive perspective in the private sector, companies providing the same goods and services are natural competitors. The objective in the free market is one company or corporations dominance over the other.By contrast, in the public sector, a public health facility or a school may be an instance where public and private sectors compete in a similar fashion. Similarities also exist in the hierarchies Of both the public and private leadership sectors. Both delegate work in large organizations. They both have those who lead, administrate, manage, and work at every level; however, the private area may to some extent have different names. There are also other differences.Public vs Private Leadership Private Leadership: Authority to revise the business and strategic positions * Stability of leadership for long-range plan implementation * Bonus or salary increases from surplus money distribution * Evaluation of objectives from results obtained (profits) * Protection through exclusion from media scrutiny * Selective project cuts reduce profits * Awards for achievement * Universal operating policies set by Expert board * Effectiveness is the operation objective (e. . , in the private sector, unless hazardous chemicals or other factors that may risk public safety are at issue, there are usually no restrictions to a purchase order†the educa tion of usiness unit leaders on best practices and security is the gating factor. Effectiveness determines top management evaluation Public Leadership: * Structure may be subject to persuasion or manipulation by external and special interest groups * Election process restricts time for objective * Consequences for operating under budget completion * Objectives assessed by process (Programs) * High visibility, constant media analysis * Sweeping program cuts to reduce costs * Failure results in punishment * For adequate policy setting, education may be a requirement for a volatile board * Efficiency is the operation objective (e. , in the public sector, any expenditure over $20,000 can take months or a year for city council approval. Additionally, many programs undergo revision in response to a critical need to reinforce infrastructure or comply with government regulations. * Dramatic incidents determine top management evaluation public and private leadership integrate an ends-means reversal dynamic where the private sector receives stimulation in the form of reven ue (ends) through the products or services (means) it provides; conversely, the public sector obtains motivation by the products or services (ends) it provides to btain revenue (means).In essence, the public sector references the governments use of its many agency devices to provide services and essential goods to the public, and receives funding solely via taxpayer monies. Conversely, the private sectors smaller businesses and larger corporations meet the publics need for goods and services as well; however, funding comes from the voluntary purchases of customers (Woudoun, 2013). In summary, regarding public and private leadership, one size does not fit all. The differences and similarities indicated here emphasize selective pproaches to leadership roles.

terrorist attacks essays

terrorist attacks essays Recently the U.S. has been under attack by foreign terrorists. The Terrorists sieged four American planes by force with the use of box cutters and knifes. After taking over the airplanes they dive-bombed the Pentagon and the U.S. trade center. The U.S. has been unsure what actions to take upon the leader, who they believe to be in charge of the whole plan to attack the U.S. It is hard to make a decision because the U.S. doesnt really know where to find this guy. So far they know he is in Pakistan. They believe he lives underground and in caves, which makes it hard to locate him. Now I am not an U.S. but I will give my opinion and my views. I am happy to see the way that the U.S. is handling this tragedy. Many people are volunteering to help find survivors. Many of the volunteers are citizens of the race that is believed to be attacking us. I also happy that citizens that are not that race arent beating on those people and starting riots. The people on the hijacked planes are pitiful because if there is at least ten passengers on them planes those terrorists shouldnt have taken over those aircraft. It was just to many people on that and to few with knifes to take over those planes. Also why didnt the U.S. react to four planes heading to the West Coast that suddenly turned around? I believe it should have been noticed and taken care of. Now it is time to take action. This what the money that goes too military is used for. I believe we have an ample amount of weapons and resources to deal with this problem. Many people I have talked with feel the same way. It is time for the U.S. to take action. People of the U.S. dont enjoy being laughed at by little Palestinian kids. We should be able to find that murderer and deal with him. Everybody doesnt agree with my views but the majority seems to. ...

Environmental policy and energy in the next 30 years Research Paper - 1

Environmental policy and energy in the next 30 years - Research Paper Example It is forecast that by 2025 natural gas will occupy the second position among all energy sources to be used worldwide. Much of the natural gas demand will be met by supplies from unconventional sources such as shale and rock formulations and it is estimated that its contribution will be almost 30 percent of total global production and the gas from shale and rock can meet world demand for next 250 years based on the current demand levels. China will witness the largest growth in gas consumption through 2040 amounting to nearly half of Asia pacific non-OECD consumption growth. Oil and natural gas together will meet 60 percent of the world energy needs. Demand for coal will reach at its pinnacle around 2025 and then will continue to decline due to shift toward non-polluting or lesser carbon emitting energies. Overall, oil, gas, and coal together will account for almost 80 percent of the energy needs of the world. Renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind and bio-fuels will registe r strong growth and likely to meet around 4 percent global energy demand by 2040. Hydropower and wind energy will show the fastest growth among the renewable energy sources – likely to register 8 percent a year growth. ... Nuclear energy is likely to grow at 2.2 percent a year worldwide and will have a checkered growth after Fukushima mishap in Japan (ExxonMobil, 2012). Below mentioned graph shows world energy consumption pattern between OECD and non-OECD countries. Source: http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/world.cfm In 2008, transportation sector consumed 27 percent of the total world energy demand and will grow at the rate of 1.4 percent until 2040. Major consumption or increase in demand will be from non-OECD countries as more and more people are adopting personal mode of transportation. Lesser population and economic growth in the OECD nations through 2040 will restrict the energy growth in the transportation sector at lowly 0.3 percent against likely growth of 2.6 percent per year in the non-OECD countries. Over the next 30 years, hybrid vehicles will become the mainstream vehicles for transportation needs and it is expected that by 2040, hybrid and other fuel efficient vehicles will constitute 50 percent of all light duty vehicles plying on the road. Commercial transportation energy needs through 2040 will also rise by 45 percent (ExxonMobil, 2012). Below mentioned chart shows likely consumption of energy in the transportation sector in OECD and non-OECD countries from 2008 through 2035. Source: http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/world.cfm Environmental Impact Burning of fossil fuels release huge amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that lead to the greenhouse effect in which, gases such as carbon-dioxide, methane etc. absorb the heat and then release it back to the earth atmosphere (International energy agency, 2012). Due to higher consumption of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and gas) in next 30 years, the levels of global

OSHA Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

OSHA Standards - Essay Example This can be by considering chemical appearance and odor among others. Measures for protection should also be dealt with together with necessary emergency procedures and equipments to use. Labeling system should also be clear for all to understand. In case an employee is highly exposed to hazardous chemicals like lead, the employer should perform a medical check to ascertain the extent of exposure whereby the results should be availed within 15 days after their receipt (OSHA, 2011). The employer in case the levels exceed exposure limit should initiate measures to reduce the levels of lead for concentration of around 30 ug/m(3). Lead is a substance that is quite hazardous and training in the Lead Standard offers good information that enables employees and employers to handle overexposure to the Action Level. References OSHA (2011). Toxic and hazardous substances. Retrieved 25 Jan. 2011 from, http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p id=10030 OSHA (2011). Hazard communication. Retrieved 25 Jan. 2011 from, http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p id=10099

Great Depression and Person Adolf Hitler Essay Example for Free

Great Depression and Person Adolf Hitler Essay â€Å"If you want to shine like sun first you have to burn like it.† The words were rightly said by mankind’s greatest mind and most despised person Adolf Hitler. Many Historians wonder how such a commonplace, comical-looking figure could have become the object of mass hysterical adulation. Many see Hitler as a diabolical adventurer, motivated solely by envy for personal power; he was misunderstood for his mental capabilities. He was not interested in grappling serious, wit profound intellectual problems. Instead, he portrayed himself as a â€Å"great simplifier† who could solve problems and reduce them to elementary slogans and solutions. His success in pulling Germany out of the depression and virtually eliminating unemployment reinforced this view of himself as a great simplifier. This taught me that no matter how big or complex a problem is; a trick is all u need to make it simple enough even for the dull to understand. Hitler precisely said â€Å"Do not compare yourself to others. If you do so, you are insulting yourself.† Because of competition among the major world powers, he felt under confident but then because of sturdy will he was able to overpower them all. Many a times when I feel under confident, just because I am compared to the better people out there, I remember this and get right back on the track. For the first few months He took to the stage, he appeared nervous and spoke haltingly. Slowly he would begin to relax and his style of delivery would change. He would start to rock from side to side and begin to gesticulate with his hands. His voice would get louder and become more passionate. He ranted and raved about the injustices done to Germany and played on his audiences emotions of hatred and envy. By the end of the speech the audience would be in a state of near hysteria and were willing to do whatever Hitler suggested. This gave me the optimism to interact to people of higher status and education level. Speaking in front of huge crowds and in formal organizations is surely nerve-wrecking. But if a man of his altitude can be nervous so why can’t I. Slowly and gradually I gained more confidence. He possessed an unusually retentive memory much like that of an elephant. So he could remember his faults and not repeat it ever again. From this I got encouraged to remember and learn from my mistakes. He saw everything in terms of extremes opposites. People were either his followers or his enemies. War for Germany meant either world power or defeat. My perspective to this was weather give in your 100% or don’t try it. Adolf Hitler was not a power hungry psychopath; rather a patriot who was determined and devoted to work for the country. The man was plainly a nationalist. Just his methods for vengeance were vicious. There are innumerable examples wherein Hitler used his extraordinary power as dictator to push both evil and good policies such as providing cars and radios, making highways making laws for animal integrity. Again, it’s important to keep in mind the ‘yin yang’ concept, when attempting to make sense of such information concerning a person and his achievements. I would like to end with another of Hitler’s saying â€Å"It is not truth that matters, but victory. Because if you win, you need not have to explain..If you lose, you should not be there to explain.†

Difference between Google, Msn, and Yahoo Essay -- Internet Computers

Difference between Google, Msn, and Yahoo When you are in hurry, which search engine do you choose in order to get the best result? Maybe you just use the one that is familiar to you. Google, Yahoo, and Msn are the three most common search engines that we use in daily life. Although Yahoo and Msn are not the top five of search engines (based on Searchengineswatch.com Feb 2003), we still use those because we are used to using those sites. In my personal experience, I also never realized why I use those search engines. I just use them because the first time I use I was told to use â€Å"google.com† by my friend and it has become my habit. In this paper particularly, I will discuss how search engines work, and the similarities and differences of those three search engines. I hope based on the information I give, you will choose the right search engines in order to maximize your result and minimize your time. First of all, I will talk about search engines. In general, there are three types of search engines. The first one is a crawler-based search engine. This term â€Å"crawler† is an acronym from â€Å"crawl† and â€Å"spider†. This system works like a spider that crawls through the sites, selects one, chooses one, and displays it. In other words, this search engine hires a special robot called a spider. It builds a list of words and notes which the spider finds, builds an index based on its own system of weighting, encodes the data to save space, and stores data for the user to access. Google uses this system. The next system is the human-powered directories implemented by Yahoo. This system has an open directory and subdirectory. This system is controlled by the user. The user must provide the website information including a right title and de... ... consider when you choose which search engine. You might see less advertisement in Google than Yahoo and Msn. I think Yahoo has more advertisement in its website than the Msn. Sometimes, it is kind of cool because you can find a good deal such as cheap price in purchasing goods, getting hotels, apartments, and any other offers. But if you don’t have too much time, you might think the advertisement is irritating. In my conclusion, the choice of internet search engine depends on the time I will spend and how well the explanation of the â€Å"keyword† that you are searching for. If you familiar with the subject you are searching for, you might use Yahoo. If you have a lot of time, you might use Msn because it provides more search results. And if you are in hurry, you might use Google. Reference: http://www.msn.com/ http://www.google.com http://www.yahoo.com/

International Maritime Organisation

Transportation of goods over the world can be done by four modes which are railway, road, air and sea. Sea transportation is the one of the oldest transportation mode for many centuries. The number of ships and types increased rapidly in the last two centuries. For instance, the number of passenger fleets was 106 in 1972 but it is reached to 226 in 1998 (Alderton, 2004). This growth leads sea traffic busy with various types of ships carrying million tons of cargoes and passengers. As a consequence of this, unexpected accidents started to come out with fatal casualties. Some safety regulations must be taken both onshore or offshore to state the responsibilities and safety measures for the marine industry. Regarding to this, countries needed to establish an organization to promote Marine safety. IMO is the first international maritime organization and was established in 1948 (IMO, 20/10/2005). It was first entered into force in 1958 and its aim is to ensure safety, to prevent human injury or loss of life and to avoid damage to the environment (IMO, 1992). This essay will explore the IMO conventions and the effectiveness of IMO to the marine industry. IMO is concerned with the three important points: safety, prevention and control. In order to be effective in these areas, rules and regulations must be applied within the conventions. IMO has adopted various conventions but most significant are; SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea), ISM (International Safety Management), COLREG (Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea), MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), STCW (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers) and ILLC (International Convention on Load Lines). Adoptions of these conventions need to follow some procedures and long time to become valid. Six main bodies are involved within IMO to design, decide and offer the conventions and followed by a government acceptance to put into force. In addition to this, due to the rapid changes in shipping industry, conventions must be keeping updated to satisfy the conditi ons. SOLAS: the main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships (SOLAS, 2001). It was adopted in 1974 and was entered into force in 1980. It was divided into 12 chapters, all requirements and certificates are controlled by the flag states. It is highly focused on * construction; stability, subdivision, fire protection and detection of vessels * life-saving appliances and arrangements; lifeboats and liferats * radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony * safety of navigation; radars, navigational aids, routeing of ships * safety management of ships operations which is ISM Code * Carriage of goods. ISM CODE It is known as the one of the most significant IMO invention which is a management system that controls work processes from the top level to lower, to stimulate safety organization both ashore and onboard. It is applied with quality management techniques to determine the responsibilities and principles of each action. System must provide safe working environment, to overcome against identified risks and continuous improvement of management and personal skills ashore and aboard (ISM, 2002). Figure 1.1 The safety management model (Bromby, 1995) As shown in Figure 1.1 management systems have some steps to be reviewed regularly in order to know that the system is working effectively. COLREG: It was adopted in 1972 and entered into force in 1977. COLREG determines vessels speed, risks and conducts of vessels operating in or near traffic separation schemes. The vessels which are navigating on the high seas or going to connect to the high seas must obey these rules. The other important areas of COLREG are; visibility of vessels, lights and shapes, sound and lights. STCW: It was adopted in 1977 and entered into force in 1984. Examination of the past accidents reports state that the majority of the accidents are caused by watchkeeping officers. This convention is concerned with the basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping. It is divided into six chapters which are; general provisions, navigational watch keeping, keeping an engineering watch, radio department, special requirements for tankers and proficiency in survival craft (IMO,20/10/2005). ILLC: It was adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1968. Its aim is to reserve buoyancy, freeboard stability and avoid excess stress on the ship's hull (IMO, 20/10/2005). MARPOL: There was a tremendous increase in tanker production after Second World War II. These tankers were really complex to built and operate. According to this, some accidents occurred with thousands tons of oil split into water and damaged marine environment. MARPOL was established to prevent the marine pollution from oil splits, sewages, chemicals and other dangerous products. It introduces some measures, for instance; * Segregated ballast tanks are only used for ballast as cargo oil is prohibited to reduce cleaning problem, tank size limitation to limit potential oil outflow (Kristiansen, 2005). As mentioned before, all conventions aims are to reduce risks in marine industry. How the marine industry was before and how is it now? In order to find out the effectiveness of IMO conventions, comparison must be done between the past data and current data. The lost of ships are illustrated by Figure 1.2 between 1950 and 2000. Figure 1.2 Annual percentage of ships lost worldwide (Kristiansen, 2005). According to the Figure 1.2, it is clear that there is a sharp decrease in loss percentage that the ratio is reduced from 3% to 0.3% in fifty years. This is directly proportional to the growth in the number of safety regulations that have taken place between the years 1800 and 2000. Figure 1.3 will show the number of growth in safety regulations. Figure 1.3 Growth in safety regulations (Alderton, 2004) In addition to these improvements, there is a reasonable reduction of oil spill to the environment. According to the IMO, total oil spill in 2004 was 15000 tons comparison to the year 1975 was 2.13 million tons. On the other hand, Table 1.1 shows the annual casualties of world merchant fleet between the years 1993 and 2002. Table 1.1 (Alderton, 2004) Year 1993-1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 Total Casualties 107 85 73 99 97 Comparison to the 1950's, by the help of improvements, marine industry becomes safer but needs continuous improvement. Everybody who involves in this industry must always seek for zero defects. As shown in Table 1.1, although IMO has made great effort and reduced the rate of accidents in marine industry, casualties and pollution can still happen and remain constant. The reasons for these are; 1. Implementation of IMO Rules: In order to put the IMO rules into force effectively, all parties such as governments, shipping companies, flag states and port states have to make a reasonable effort. The mentioned parties have different responsibilities according to their positions while adapting and controlling these rules. These parties must have continuous collaboration and communication with each other but generally they can not. Lack of collaboration leads to misunderstandings and difficulties to put these rules into practice. 2. Continuous Revision of Rules and Regulations: The rules and regulations are updated periodically to keep up with the modern conditions. Although some rules have convenient level of safety, changed several times and become more complicated. The more complexity means the more problems. 3. The Gap Between Developed and Developing Countries: Developing countries have an important place in shipping industry. They own a reasonable percentage of world merchant fleet. Comparison to the developed countries, it is difficult to adapt the rules immediately because of their government procedures and financial situations. It is not just the IMO problem; it is one of the biggest problems in our world. Instead of offering temporary solutions such as loans; investments, guidance and assistance will be more effective. 4. Human Side: To manage marine safety, there must be an excellent co-operation between the people who are on board and ashore. Continuous improvement is needed for both management level and crew. Training and certification must be compulsory under the quality procedures. As mentioned before, ISM Code and STCW are established for this purpose but in the last hundred years, owners decided to flag out and wanted to work with low cost crew to get more profits. As a result of this, accidents appeared because of untalented crew. For this particular purpose, maritime training centres are highly important for safety. 5. Application Costs of Regulations: It is not easy to implement the rules and regulations because they need powerful financial situation. In addition to this, the average age of world vessel fleet is going old. Instead of investing money to these old vessels, owners prefer doing small improvements to the existing systems. Low cost high profit concept leads danger in this industry. At this point, new buildings come out and take an important part. Owners are now investing more money on technological improvements under construction phase with the societies control for safer life. Newly designed ships includes easily operated navigation techniques such as AIS, GPS and radars, stability calculations, tank cleaning systems, fire systems and etc. . In conclusion, mentioned conventions within IMO concept reached to a reasonable success in marine industry. On the other hand, continuous improvement by taking advantage of technology, collaboration and communication of involved parties are still needed to achieve zero accident targets and clean seas.